For several centuries, inheritance proceeded through primogeniture (first-born son). Before the Industrial Revolution, inheritance played an overwhelming and crucial role in wealth accumulation and wealth distribution.
For perspective from an economist with a blog, see:
Brad DeLong’s “Bequests – An Historical Perspective”
“When land is considered as the means of power and protection, it was thought better that it should descend undivided to one.” - Adam Smith
Purpose of primogeniture: to maximize the wealth and power of the eldest male head of the lineage.
A Short History
- In old days a fief was granted to an individual in return for service – either the service of a knight or in a lord’s army.
- When one fief-holder died it was natural to look to his heir to step into his place - meaning only one person could fill the role.
- Even when no longer “needed”, primogeniture outlasted feudalism. It maximized the social position and resources of the eldest male descendant.